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Listn vo de gresstn Stean

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De gresstn bekonntn Stean san nochfoingd, sortiat noch eanan Radius, afglist. Da Radius is ois Vahejtnis zum Sunradius (695.700 km) ogem.

Gressnvagleich zwischn Sun und VY Canis Majoris

.

Nam vom Stean Sunradien
(Sun = 1)
UY Scuti 1708[1]
WOH G64 1540[2]
RW Cephei 1535[3][4]
V354 Cephei 1520[5]
KW Sagittarii 1460[6]Table 4 in Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal 628 (2): 973. doi:10.1086/430901. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...628..973L. </ref>
KY Cygni 1420
VY Canis Majoris 1420[7]
VV Cephei 1050[8]-1900[9]
My Cephei (Herschels "Granatstean") 650[10]-1420[11]
HR 5171 1315[12]
NML Cygni 1183[13]
Beteigeuze (Alpha Orionis) 1180[14][15]
V509 Cassiopeiae 400-900[16]
Antares (Alpha Scorpii) 883[17]
V382 Carinae 747[18]
119 Tauri 608[19]
S Pegasi 580 [2]
T Cephei 540 [3]
S Orionis 530 [4]
W Hydrae 520 [5]
R Cassiopeiae 500 [6]
Rho Cassiopeiae 450[20]
Theta Muscae Ac 422
Eta Carinae 400
R Leporis 400 ± 90[21]
S Doradus 380[22]
V838 Monocerotis 380[23]
R Doradus 370[24]
Epsilon Aurigae A 358[25]
HR Carinae 350
R Leonis 350 [7]
Pistolenstern 346 ± 40[26]
Mira A (Omicron Ceti) 332-402[27]
Chi Cygni 300
La Superba (Y Canum Venaticorum) 300
Rasalgethi (Alpha Herculis) 264-303[28]
Wezen (Delta Canis Majoris) 237[29]
Deneb (Alpha Cygni) 220[30]
LBV 1806-20 200[31]
Zeta Aurigae 160 [8]
Enif (Epsilon Pegasi) 185[32]
Albireo A1 (Beta Cygni) 109[33]
WR 102KA 92[34]
Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) 84[35]
Gamma Andromedae 83
Rigel (Beta Orionis) 78[36]
Arneb (Alpha Leporis) 77
Canopus (Alpha Carinae) 71[37]
R Coronae Borealis 65
Mintaka (Delta Orionis) 60
Mirfak (Alpha Persei) 60
Mekbuda (Zeta Geminorum) 60
Eta Aquilae 60
Eltanin (Gamma Draconis) 50
Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri) 43 [9]
Kochab (Beta Ursae Minoris) 41

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  1. ↑ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H. (2013). "The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii". Astronomy & Astrophysics 554: A76. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920. Bibcode: 2013A&A...554A..76A. 
  2. ↑ Emily M. Levesque; Philip Massey; Bertrand Plez; Knut A. G. Olsen (June 2009). "The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?". Astronomical Journal 137 (6): 4744. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744. Bibcode: 2009AJ....137.4744L. 
  3. ↑ Humphreys, R. M. (1978). "Studies of luminous stars in nearby galaxies. I. Supergiants and O stars in the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 38: 309. doi:10.1086/190559. Bibcode: 1978ApJS...38..309H. 
  4. ↑ Davies, Ben; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Figer, Donald F. (2010). "The potential of red supergiants as extragalactic abundance probes at low spectral resolution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 407 (2): 1203. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16965.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.407.1203D. 
  5. ↑ Referenzfehler: Es ist ein ungültiger <ref>-Tag vorhanden: Für die Referenz namens levesqueetal20052 wurde kein Text angegeben.
  6. ↑ Referenzfehler: Es ist ein ungültiger <ref>-Tag vorhanden: Für die Referenz namens levesqueetal20053 wurde kein Text angegeben.
  7. ↑ Wittkowski, M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Marcaide, J. M. (2012). "Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY Canis Majoris based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics 540: L12. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219126. Bibcode: 2012A&A...540L..12W. 
  8. ↑ Bauer, W. H.; Gull, T. R.; Bennett, P. D. (2008). "Spatial Extension in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of Vv Cephei". The Astronomical Journal 136 (3): 1312. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1312. Bibcode: 2008AJ....136.1312H. https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_2008-09_136_3/page/1312. 
  9. ↑ Hofmann, K.-H.; Eberhardt, M.; Driebe, T.; Schertl, D.; Scholz, M.; Schoeller, M.; Weigelt, G.; Wittkowski, M.; et al. (2005). "Interferometric observations of the Mira star o Ceti with the VLTI/VINCI instrument in the near-infrared". Proceedings of the 13th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars 560: 651. Bibcode: 2005ESASP.560..651H. 
  10. ↑ Tsuji, Takashi (2000). "Water in Emission in the Infrared Space Observatory Spectrum of the Early M Supergiant Star μ Cephei". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 540 (2): 99–102. doi:10.1086/312879. Bibcode: 2000ApJ...540L..99T. 
  11. ↑ Referenzfehler: Es ist ein ungültiger <ref>-Tag vorhanden: Für die Referenz namens levesqueetal20055 wurde kein Text angegeben.
  12. ↑ Chesneau, O.; Meilland, A.; Chapellier, E.; Millour, F.; Van Genderen, A. M.; Nazé, Y.; Smith, N.; Spang, A.; et al. (2014). "The yellow hypergiant HR 5171 A: Resolving a massive interacting binary in the common envelope phase". Astronomy & Astrophysics 563: A71. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322421. Bibcode: 2014A&A...563A..71C. 
  13. ↑ De Beck, E.; Decin, L.; De Koter, A.; Justtanont, K.; Verhoelst, T.; Kemper, F.; Menten, K. M. (2010). "Probing the mass-loss history of AGB and red supergiant stars from CO rotational line profiles. II. CO line survey of evolved stars: Derivation of mass-loss rate formulae". Astronomy and Astrophysics 523: A18. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913771. Bibcode: 2010A&A...523A..18D. 
  14. ↑ Smith, Nathan; Hinkle, Kenneth H.; Ryde, Nils (March 2009). "Red Supergiants as Potential Type IIn Supernova Progenitors: Spatially Resolved 4.6 μm CO Emission Around VY CMa and Betelgeuse". The Astronomical Journal 137 (3): 3558–3573. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/3/3558. Bibcode: 2009AJ....137.3558S. 
  15. ↑ Dolan, Michelle M.; Mathews, Grant J.; Lam, Doan Duc; Lan, Nguyen Quynh; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Dearborn, David S. P. (2016). "Evolutionary Tracks for Betelgeuse". The Astrophysical Journal 819: 7. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/7. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...819....7D. 
  16. ↑ Nieuwenhuijzen, H.; De Jager, C.; Kolka, I.; Israelian, G.; Lobel, A.; Zsoldos, E.; Maeder, A.; Meynet, G. (2012). "The hypergiant HR 8752 evolving through the yellow evolutionary void". Astronomy & Astrophysics 546: A105. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117166. Bibcode: 2012A&A...546A.105N. 
  17. ↑ Baade, R.; Reimers, D. (October 2007). "Multi-component absorption lines in the HST spectra of α Scorpii B". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (1): 229–237. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077308. Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..229B. 
  18. ↑ Achmad, L. (1992). "A photometric study of the G0-4 Ia(+) hypergiant HD 96918 (V382 Carinae)". Astronomy and Astrophysics 259: 600–606. Bibcode: 1992A&A...259..600A. https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomy-and-astrophysics_1992-06_259_2/page/600. 
  19. ↑ https://sites.google.com/site/insanemathmatics/space-maths/largest-known-stars Archivierte Kopie (Memento des Originals [1] vom 7. Óktówer 2020 im Internet Archive) i Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/sites.google.com
  20. ↑ Gorlova, N.; Lobel, A.; Burgasser, A. J.; Rieke, G. H.; Ilyin, I.; Stauffer, J. R. (2006). "On the CO Near‐Infrared Band and the Line‐splitting Phenomenon in the Yellow Hypergiant ρ Cassiopeiae". The Astrophysical Journal 651 (2): 1130–1150. doi:10.1086/507590. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...651.1130G. 
  21. ↑ Hofmann, K.-H.; Eberhardt, M.; Driebe, T.; Schertl, D.; Scholz, M.; Schoeller, M.; Weigelt, G.; Wittkowski, M.; et al. (2005). "Interferometric observations of the Mira star o Ceti with the VLTI/VINCI instrument in the near-infrared". Proceedings of the 13th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars 560: 651. Bibcode: 2005ESASP.560..651H. 
  22. ↑ Vorlog:Cite conference
  23. ↑ Tylenda, R.; Kamiński, T.; Schmidt, M.; Kurtev, R.; Tomov, T. (2011). "High-resolution optical spectroscopy of V838 Monocerotis in 2009". Astronomy & Astrophysics 532: A138. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116858. Bibcode: 2011A&A...532A.138T. 
  24. ↑ Bedding, T. R. et al. (April 1997), "The angular diameter of R Doradus: a nearby Mira-like star", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 286 (4): 957–962, Bibcode:1997MNRAS.286..957B, arXiv:astro-ph/9701021, doi:10.1093/mnras/286.4.957 
  25. ↑ Kloppenborg, B.K.; Stencel, R.E.; Monnier, J.D.; Schaefer, G.H.; Baron, F.; Tycner, C.; Zavala, R. T.; Hutter, D.; et al. (2015). "Interferometry of ɛ Aurigae: Characterization of the Asymmetric Eclipsing Disk". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 220: 14. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/14. Bibcode: 2015ApJS..220...14K. 
  26. ↑ Najarro, F.; Figer, D. F.; Hillier, D. J.; Geballe, T. R.; Kudritzki, R. P. (2009). "Metallicity in the Galactic Center: The Quintuplet Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal 691 (2): 1816. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1816. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...691.1816N. 
  27. ↑ Woodruff, H. C.; Eberhardt, M.; Driebe, T.; Hofmann, K.-H.; Ohnaka, K.; Richichi, A.; Schert, D.; Schöller, M.; et al. (2004). "Interferometric observations of the Mira star o Ceti with the VLTI/VINCI instrument in the near-infrared". Astronomy & Astrophysics 421 (2): 703–714. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035826. Bibcode: 2004A&A...421..703W. 
  28. ↑ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Khosroshahi, Habib; Wasatonic, Rick (2013). "The Age and Mass of the α Herculis Triple-star System from a MESA Grid of Rotating Stars with 1.3 <= M/M ⊙ <= 8.0". The Astronomical Journal 146 (6): 148. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/6/148. Bibcode: 2013AJ....146..148M. 
  29. ↑ Davis, J.; Booth, A. J.; Ireland, M. J.; Jacob, A. P.; North, J. R.; Owens, S. M.; Robertson, J. G.; Tango, W. J.; et al. (2007). "The Emergent Flux and Effective Temperature of Delta Canis Majoris". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 24 (3): 151. doi:10.1071/AS07017. Bibcode: 2007PASA...24..151D. 
  30. ↑ Schiller, F.; Przybilla, N. (2008). "Quantitative spectroscopy of Deneb". Astronomy & Astrophysics 479 (3): 849–858. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078590. Bibcode: 2008A&A...479..849S. 
  31. ↑ https://jumk.de/astronomie/big-stars/lbv-1806-20.shtml
  32. ↑ Referenzfehler: Es ist ein ungültiger <ref>-Tag vorhanden: Für die Referenz namens lang2006 wurde kein Text angegeben.
  33. ↑ Albireo. In: Big and Giant Stars.
  34. ↑ Barniske, A.; Oskinova, L. M.; Hamann, W. -R. (2008). "Two extremely luminous WN stars in the Galactic center with circumstellar emission from dust and gas". Astronomy and Astrophysics 486 (3): 971. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809568. Bibcode: 2008A&A...486..971B. 
  35. ↑ Ireland, M. J. et al. (May 2004), "Multiwavelength diameters of nearby Miras and semiregular variables", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 350 (1): 365–374, Bibcode:2004MNRAS.350..365I, arXiv:astro-ph/0402326, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07651.x 
  36. ↑ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Shultz, Matt; Williamson, Michael H.; Moya, Andres (March 2012). "Asteroseismology of the nearby SN-II Progenitor: Rigel. Part I. The MOST High-precision Photometry and Radial Velocity Monitoring". The Astrophysical Journal 747 (1): 108–115. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/108. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...747..108M. 
  37. ↑ Cruzalebes, P.; Jorissen, A.; Rabbia, Y.; Sacuto, S.; Chiavassa, A.; Pasquato, E.; Plez, B.; Eriksson, K.; et al. (2013). "Fundamental parameters of 16 late-type stars derived from their angular diameter measured with VLTI/AMBER". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 434 (1): 437–450. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1037. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.434..437C. 
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