Somalia
Somalia, amtle engl. Federal Republic of Somalia, is a Land õn n Hiarl vo Afrika. In n Westn stousst s af Ethiopia, in n Noadwestn af Djibouti[1], in n Noadn af n Gulf of Aden, in n Oustn af n Indischn Ozean un in n Sidwestn af Kenya. Somalia houd dej omlenganna Gstodnlinia zen Festland vo Afrika.[2] Es Terrain bstejt hapsechli as Plateaus, Eemman u Beaḡ.[3] Es ganz Joua herscht a woams u hitzes Klima mid periodischnan Monsunwindnan un schwonkatna Rengfell.[4]
Somalia houd a gschetzta Bvelkaring vo umma 15 millionna Leit[5][6] un is bschrim woan aswej es am mejran kulturell homogenna Land z Afrika.[7][8] Umma 85% vo dej Leit duat san ethnisch Somalis,[3] d wou historisch in n Noadn von n Land glebt hom. Ethnischa Mindahatn konzentrian se af n Siḏn.[9] Amtssprounchn han Somali un Arabisch.[3] D Iwazol vo d Leit san Muslimm,[10] vo dej wou d mejran Sunnitn han.[11]
I da Antikn is Somalia a wichtes Hanḏlszentrum gweng.[12][13] Vill moina, es mythnhafta alta Puntland warad duatn gleng.[14][15][16] I da Zeid von n Mittlolta houd s a poa Somali-Reichh gem, d wou en Hannl vo da Region dominiad hom, doudadrunta es Ajuran-Sultanat, es Sultanat vo Adal un es Geledi-Sultanat.
In n spaadn 19. Jh. san d Somalischn Sultanatt vo Italjen, Grouss Britannjen u Etiopia kolonialesiad woan.[3][17] D Italjena hom d Koloni Italjenisch Somaliland darricht.[18][19] I da Iid-, som. Ciid, u da Nugaal-Region[20] houd en Sayid Mohamed sa Dervish-Bwegung dafolgreich Etiopjen, Italjen u Grouß Brittanjen veja mol zruggschlong un õ s Gstod[21] zruggdrenga kinna, bvua dass s i da Somaliland Kampanje vo 1920 bsigt woan san.[22] Italja hod d Macht in n Noadoustn, i da Mittn, u nou aa i d sidlinga Regionna daglengt, nou dem dass da Krejḡ genga s Majeerteen Sultanat un es Sultanat vo Hobyo 1927 dafolgreich gweng is.[19] 1960 san dej zwoa Regionna, es von ej britisch-bsetzta Somaliland in n Noadn un es von ej italjenisch-bsetzta Somalia in n Oustn, za Somalischn Repablik unta oana Reḡiring zammfejad woan.[23]
Da Iawast Revoluzionsrout houd se 1969 d Macht gschnappt u d Somali Democratic Republic asgrouffn, dej wou 1991, 22 Jouana spaada, min Õfang von n Somalischn Birḡakrejḡ, zammbrochn is. Danou san d mejrann Regionna zen Gwoanats- u zen religjesn Recht zruggkeart. I d frejan 2000a san prowisorischa Bundesbeheadn gschaffn woan. D prowisorische nazionala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional National Government (TNG), hod ma um 2000, dej prowisorischa federala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional Federal Government (TFG), dej wou dej Somalischn Streitkreftt widaheastellt, um 2004 gschaffn.[3][24] 2006 hod d TFG d Kontroll iwa n gresstn Toall vo d sidlinga Konfliktregionna vo da nei furmiatn Union vo islamischn Grichtnan, engl. Islamic Courts Union (ICU). Dej ICU is nou zafolln u radikalere Gruppn hom se õgsplittat, wej d Al-Shabaab, d wou genga d TFG u da Afrikanischn Union irnane AMISOM-Truppn um d Region kempft.[3]
In n Summa 2012 hom d Rebelln d mejrann Regionna valounan ghobt un es Trachtn nou permanentnan demokratischn Instituzionnan is lousganga.[25] A neia prowisorischa Vafassing is in n August 2012 virakumma,[26][27] dej wou Somalia zarana Federazion gmacht houd.[28] In n gleichn Mounad is d Bundesreḡiring vo Somalia furmiad[29] u da Widaafbau z Mogadischu õghebt woan.[25][30] Somalia houd en informelln Wiatschoftssektor pfoltn, da wou ned zletzt i da Vejchawiatschoft, da Hilf duach d Vawondtn in n Asland u da Telekommunikazion fousst.[3][31] Somalia is a Mitglid vo d Vaointn Nazionna, vo da Arabischn Liga, vo da Afrikanischn Union, vo da Bwegung vo d Blockfrein Stootn, u vo da Organisazion fia Islamische Zammoawat.
Galeri
[Werkeln | Am Gwëntext werkeln]-
Es Beden, a alta somalisch Furm von en Seglschif.
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A Fort von n Majerteen Sultanat.
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D Haptstod Mogadischu um 1936.
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Mogadischu um 1963.
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A politischa Koatn vo 2006.
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A Koatn vo de Prowinzn.
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Da Almadow Beagrigl min Schimbiris Beaḡ.
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Da Juba Fluß.
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Korallnriff, ekologische Parkk u Schutzgebejtt.
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D Kistn oda s Gstod vo Mogadischu as da Lufd.
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A Kamel i de neadlinga Beagg.
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D somalische Fluḡgsellschaft.
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Da Hamarwayne-Moakt i Mogadischu.
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Da Hafn vo Bosaso.
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Es Hormuud Telekom-Haus z Mogadischu.
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Alta Felsnmolarein i da Gnejchtn vo Hargeisa.
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A Bild vo Mogadischu.
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A Bild vo Hargeisa.
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Da Campus vo da Mogadischu Universität.
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D Buaḡ vo Gondereshe.
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Dej Dahabshiil Bank z Hargeisa.
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D Ruina vo Taleex.
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Somalischa Thunfisch.
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Landwiatschaft z Noadwest-Somalia (Somaliland).
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Somalische Goissn i da Gnejchtn vo Beledweyne (Belet Uen).
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D Portugisn z Somalia in n 16. Jh.
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A Koatn zen Birḡakrejg z Somalia.
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A Satelitnbild vo Somalia.
Beleg
[Werkeln | Am Gwëntext werkeln]- ↑ Somalia. Britannica.
- ↑ Coastline. Central Intelligence Agency. Archiviert vom Original [1] am 16. Juli 2017. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 Somalia. Central Intelligence Agency.
- ↑ Somalia – Climate , countrystudies.us.
- ↑ "World Population prospects – Population division". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
- ↑ "Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
- ↑ Ismail, AA (2010). Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions. "What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically".
- ↑ Woldemichael, B (1993). Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983. "Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion"
- ↑ Abdullahi 2001.
- ↑ Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide. Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archiviert vom Original [2] am 14. Dezemba 2006. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
- ↑ Abdullahi 2001.
- ↑ John Kenrick (1855), Phoenicia, B. Fellowes, S. 199.
- ↑ Casson, Lionel (1984). Ancient Trade and Society. Mich. S. 235. ISBN 0-8143-1740-5.
- ↑ Charnan Simon (1990). Explorers of the Ancient World. Childrens Press. S. 26. ISBN 0-516-03053-1.
- ↑ Christine El Mahdy (2005) Egypt : 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life, Raincoast Books, S. 297, ISBN 1-55192-879-5.
- ↑ Stefan Goodwin (2006), Africa's Legacies of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, Lexington Books, S. 48, ISBN 0-7391-0731-3.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 1, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2005), S.163
- ↑ Laitin 1977, S. 8.
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy. London: Haan Associates. S. 34–35. ISBN 1-874209-91-X.
- ↑ Diiwaanka gabayadii, 1856-1921, Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan 1999, S. 219
- ↑ Kevin Shillington (2005) Encyclopedia of African history, CRC Press, S. 1406, ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
- ↑ Samatar 1982.
- ↑ The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, Greystone Press: 1967, S. 338.
- ↑ Jeffrey Gettleman. Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier , 23 June 2011.
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest , Al Arabiya.
- ↑ Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution. ANP/AFP.
- ↑ Somali leaders back new constitution .
- ↑ Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed .
- ↑ Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment' .
- ↑ Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?.
- ↑ Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance. Somalbanca.org. Archiviert vom Original [3] am 24. Jenna 2009. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
Litratua
[Werkeln | Am Gwëntext werkeln]- Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
- Alpers, Edward A. (1976). "Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800". The International Journal of African Historical Studies 9 (1): 22–44. doi: .
- Gebru Tareke: The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 2009, ISBN 978-0-300-14163-4
- David D. Laitin: Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press 1977, ISBN 978-0-226-46791-7
- Lecarme, Jacqueline; Maury, Carole (1987). "A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali". Computers and Translation 2 (1): 21–36. doi: .
- Mauri, Arnaldo, Somalia, in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp. 209–217.Banking Development in Somalia
- Said S. Samatar: Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1982, ISBN 978-0-521-10457-9
- Schraeder, Peter J. (2006). "From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism". In Lowell W. Barrington, ed., After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States (S. 107–137). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09898-9.
- Shay, Shaul. Somalia in Transition Since 2006. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
- Eric Herbert Warmington: The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India. South Asia Books 1995, ISBN 81-215-0670-0
- Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. New York: Oxford University Press 1989, ISBN 978-0-19-505592-4
- A. Rosati; A. Tewolde; C. Mosconi (2007), Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide, Wageningen Academic Pub, p. 169, ISBN 978-90-8686-034-0
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