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Somalia

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A Koatn vo Somalia.
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A Koatn vo de Somalischn Gruppn u Velkln.

Somalia, amtle engl. Federal Republic of Somalia, is a Land õn n Hiarl vo Afrika. In n Westn stousst s af Ethiopia, in n Noadwestn af Djibouti[1], in n Noadn af n Gulf of Aden, in n Oustn af n Indischn Ozean un in n Sidwestn af Kenya. Somalia houd dej omlenganna Gstodnlinia zen Festland vo Afrika.[2] Es Terrain bstejt hapsechli as Plateaus, Eemman u Beaḡ.[3] Es ganz Joua herscht a woams u hitzes Klima mid periodischnan Monsunwindnan un schwonkatna Rengfell.[4]

Somalia houd a gschetzta Bvelkaring vo umma 15 millionna Leit[5][6] un is bschrim woan aswej es am mejran kulturell homogenna Land z Afrika.[7][8] Umma 85% vo dej Leit duat san ethnisch Somalis,[3] d wou historisch in n Noadn von n Land glebt hom. Ethnischa Mindahatn konzentrian se af n Siḏn.[9] Amtssprounchn han Somali un Arabisch.[3] D Iwazol vo d Leit san Muslimm,[10] vo dej wou d mejran Sunnitn han.[11]

I da Antikn is Somalia a wichtes Hanḏlszentrum gweng.[12][13] Vill moina, es mythnhafta alta Puntland warad duatn gleng.[14][15][16] I da Zeid von n Mittlolta houd s a poa Somali-Reichh gem, d wou en Hannl vo da Region dominiad hom, doudadrunta es Ajuran-Sultanat, es Sultanat vo Adal un es Geledi-Sultanat.

In n spaadn 19. Jh. san d Somalischn Sultanatt vo Italjen, Grouss Britannjen u Etiopia kolonialesiad woan.[3][17] D Italjena hom d Koloni Italjenisch Somaliland darricht.[18][19] I da Iid-, som. Ciid, u da Nugaal-Region[20] houd en Sayid Mohamed sa Dervish-Bwegung dafolgreich Etiopjen, Italjen u Grouß Brittanjen veja mol zruggschlong un õ s Gstod[21] zruggdrenga kinna, bvua dass s i da Somaliland Kampanje vo 1920 bsigt woan san.[22] Italja hod d Macht in n Noadoustn, i da Mittn, u nou aa i d sidlinga Regionna daglengt, nou dem dass da Krejḡ genga s Majeerteen Sultanat un es Sultanat vo Hobyo 1927 dafolgreich gweng is.[19] 1960 san dej zwoa Regionna, es von ej britisch-bsetzta Somaliland in n Noadn un es von ej italjenisch-bsetzta Somalia in n Oustn, za Somalischn Repablik unta oana Reḡiring zammfejad woan.[23]

Da Iawast Revoluzionsrout houd se 1969 d Macht gschnappt u d Somali Democratic Republic asgrouffn, dej wou 1991, 22 Jouana spaada, min Õfang von n Somalischn Birḡakrejḡ, zammbrochn is. Danou san d mejrann Regionna zen Gwoanats- u zen religjesn Recht zruggkeart. I d frejan 2000a san prowisorischa Bundesbeheadn gschaffn woan. D prowisorische nazionala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional National Government (TNG), hod ma um 2000, dej prowisorischa federala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional Federal Government (TFG), dej wou dej Somalischn Streitkreftt widaheastellt, um 2004 gschaffn.[3][24] 2006 hod d TFG d Kontroll iwa n gresstn Toall vo d sidlinga Konfliktregionna vo da nei furmiatn Union vo islamischn Grichtnan, engl. Islamic Courts Union (ICU). Dej ICU is nou zafolln u radikalere Gruppn hom se õgsplittat, wej d Al-Shabaab, d wou genga d TFG u da Afrikanischn Union irnane AMISOM-Truppn um d Region kempft.[3]

In n Summa 2012 hom d Rebelln d mejrann Regionna valounan ghobt un es Trachtn nou permanentnan demokratischn Instituzionnan is lousganga.[25] A neia prowisorischa Vafassing is in n August 2012 virakumma,[26][27] dej wou Somalia zarana Federazion gmacht houd.[28] In n gleichn Mounad is d Bundesreḡiring vo Somalia furmiad[29] u da Widaafbau z Mogadischu õghebt woan.[25][30] Somalia houd en informelln Wiatschoftssektor pfoltn, da wou ned zletzt i da Vejchawiatschoft, da Hilf duach d Vawondtn in n Asland u da Telekommunikazion fousst.[3][31] Somalia is a Mitglid vo d Vaointn Nazionna, vo da Arabischn Liga, vo da Afrikanischn Union, vo da Bwegung vo d Blockfrein Stootn, u vo da Organisazion fia Islamische Zammoawat.

  1. Somalia. Britannica.
  2. Coastline. Central Intelligence Agency. Archiviert vom Original [1] am 16. Juli 2017. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 Somalia. Central Intelligence Agency.
  4. Somalia – Climate , countrystudies.us. 
  5. "World Population prospects – Population division". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  6. "Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  7. Ismail, AA (2010). Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions. "What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically".
  8. Woldemichael, B (1993). Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983. "Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion"
  9. Abdullahi 2001.
  10. Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide. Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archiviert vom Original [2] am 14. Dezemba 2006. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
  11. Abdullahi 2001.
  12. John Kenrick (1855), Phoenicia, B. Fellowes, S. 199.
  13. Casson, Lionel (1984). Ancient Trade and Society. Mich. S. 235. ISBN 0-8143-1740-5.
  14. Charnan Simon (1990). Explorers of the Ancient World. Childrens Press. S. 26. ISBN 0-516-03053-1.
  15. Christine El Mahdy (2005) Egypt : 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life, Raincoast Books, S. 297, ISBN 1-55192-879-5.
  16. Stefan Goodwin (2006), Africa's Legacies of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, Lexington Books, S. 48, ISBN 0-7391-0731-3.
  17. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 1, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2005), S.163
  18. Laitin 1977, S. 8.
  19. 19,0 19,1 Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy. London: Haan Associates. S. 34–35. ISBN 1-874209-91-X.
  20. Diiwaanka gabayadii, 1856-1921, Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan 1999, S. 219
  21. Kevin Shillington (2005) Encyclopedia of African history, CRC Press, S. 1406, ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
  22. Samatar 1982.
  23. The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, Greystone Press: 1967, S. 338.
  24. Jeffrey Gettleman. Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier , 23 June 2011. 
  25. 25,0 25,1 Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest , Al Arabiya. 
  26. Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution. ANP/AFP.
  27. Somali leaders back new constitution . 
  28. Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed . 
  29. Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment' . 
  30. Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?.
  31. Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance. Somalbanca.org. Archiviert vom Original [3] am 24. Jenna 2009. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.